Which painting technique uses encaustic and tempera on panels?

The correct technique that uses encaustic and tempera on panels aligns closely with Byzantine Art. This method is characterized by its use of wax-based pigments (encaustic) and water-based paint (tempera) applied to wooden panels, which are known for their luminescent quality and vibrant color.

Byzantine Art notably flourished during the period of the Byzantine Empire and is recognized for its religious iconography and intricate design, often utilizing gilding, to create highly stylized images that convey spiritual significance. The technique of combining encaustic and tempera would enhance the depth and richness of these iconic representations.

In contrast, fresco involves applying pigments onto fresh plaster, which is distinctly different from the panel method. Roman Art, while influential, primarily utilized techniques more aligned with fresco and other forms of mural painting, neglecting the specific combination mentioned. Gothic Art, although advanced in its time, also did not typically use encaustic and tempera on panels as a predominant technique. It focused more on stained glass and elaborate stone carvings within cathedrals. Thus, the association of encaustic and tempera with Byzantine Art exemplifies the refined approach taken during that era in aesthetics and technique.