Which Japanese artistic technique involves layering lacquer and hemp over clay?

The correct answer is Kanshitsu. This technique is known for its unique approach to creating objects by using layers of lacquer applied over a base of clay, often reinforced with natural fibers like hemp. This method allows for a high level of detail and a smooth, durable surface finish, making it particularly well-suited for creating decorative objects and functional items in Japanese craftsmanship.

Kanshitsu is part of a broader tradition of Japanese art and craftsmanship that emphasizes meticulous technique and aesthetic beauty. In contrast, Ukiyo-e refers to a genre of woodblock prints and paintings that depict various subjects, including landscapes and kabuki actors, rather than focusing on layering techniques. Netsuke are small sculptural objects used as toggles on traditional Japanese attire, showcasing artistic carving but not involving the layering of materials as in Kanshitsu. Sumi-e, or ink painting, emphasizes brushwork and monochromatic tones rather than the physical layering of lacquer and clay. This distinction highlights why Kanshitsu is the only technique among the options given that employs the specific method of layering lacquer and hemp over clay.