Which artist is known as the founder of the Hudson River School?

The artist recognized as the founder of the Hudson River School is Thomas Cole. He was pivotal in establishing this mid-19th century art movement that emphasized the beauty of the American landscape, specifically focusing on the Hudson River Valley and its surrounding areas. Cole's work often depicted the sublime qualities of nature, which resonated deeply with the ideals of manifest destiny and America’s burgeoning national identity during that period. He was not only an influential artist but also served as a mentor to many other landscape painters who followed him, helping to cultivate a distinct style characterized by romanticized depictions of nature, light, and atmosphere. This foundational role in the establishment of the School marks him as a central figure in American art history.

The other artists mentioned, while significant in their contributions to landscape painting, are considered later figures associated with the Hudson River School rather than its origin.