Which architectural style arose in response to excessive ornamental design?

The architectural style that arose in response to excessive ornamental design is Bauhaus Architecture. This movement emerged in the early 20th century in Germany and was characterized by a focus on functional design, simplicity, and the elimination of unnecessary decorative elements. The Bauhaus sought to unify art and technology, advocating for a minimalist aesthetic that emphasized clean lines and practical use of materials. This approach was a direct reaction against the ornate styles prevalent in the late 19th century, such as Beaux Arts and Art Nouveau, which often featured elaborate decorations and historicist references.

In contrast, Art Nouveau is known for its intricate designs and organic forms, while Beaux Arts architecture emphasizes grandeur and decorative detail. Neoclassical architecture, though inspired by ancient Greece and Rome, also incorporates extensive ornamentation and classical elements, which does not align with the Bauhaus’s ethos of simplicity and functionalism.