Which aesthetic theory focuses solely on the visual aspects of art?

Formalism is the aesthetic theory that emphasizes the visual properties of art, such as composition, color, line, shape, and texture. This theory advocates for an analysis of art based solely on these formal elements, without considering external factors like context, meaning, or historical significance. The primary focus is on how these visual elements interact to create an artwork's significance, appealing to the perception of art in a purely visual manner.

Other theories, such as deconstruction, delve into meanings beyond the aesthetic, examining how artworks can represent complex ideas and societal critiques. A cultural perspective often looks at the influences of culture and society on art, while appropriation deals with the use of pre-existing artwork within new contexts, raising discussions around originality and ownership. Each of these approaches incorporates broader themes and implications that extend well beyond the visual aspects of art, which is why formalism stands out for its specific focus on visual elements.