What is the result of using a smaller aperture with a larger f-stop?

Using a smaller aperture, indicated by a larger f-stop number, results in most of the image being in focus due to an increased depth of field. A smaller aperture allows less light to enter the camera, thereby extending the range of sharpness in the image. This means that not just the subject you are focusing on, but a larger area in front of and behind that subject will also appear sharp and clear.

This characteristic of smaller apertures is particularly useful in scenarios where depth perception is key, such as landscape photography where both foreground and background elements should be in focus. A shallow depth of field, which is a result of using larger apertures (smaller f-stop numbers), is where only a small area is in focus, often used for portraiture to blur the background and highlight the subject. Thus, the usage of a larger f-stop correlates with greater depth of field and clarity throughout a broader portion of the image.