What is the difference between a flat wash and a graded wash in watercolor painting?

The distinction between a flat wash and a graded wash in watercolor painting lies in how color is applied and blended across the paper. A graded wash is characterized by a gradual transition from one color to another, or from one shade of a color to a lighter or darker hue. This technique allows artists to create depth and dimension in their work, making it ideal for depicting skies, shadows, and other elements where a smooth gradient is desired.

In contrast, a flat wash consists of a single, uniform layer of color that is applied evenly across a designated area on the paper, resulting in a consistent appearance without variation in tone. This technique is typically used for backgrounds or to establish a base layer of color.

Understanding this difference is crucial for artists, as each technique serves unique purposes and can significantly affect the overall composition and mood of a painting.