What does bisque (bisqueware) refer to in ceramic processes?

Bisque, or bisqueware, refers to clay that has undergone its initial firing in a kiln, resulting in a hardened but porous state. This process transforms the raw, pliable clay into a more durable form that retains some absorbency. The bisque firing is essential because it prepares the clay body for glazing, which is typically applied afterward. At this stage, the pieces can be handled more easily and are less fragile than raw clay, although they still require careful treatment due to their porous nature.

This characteristic of being porous means that bisqueware can absorb liquid glazes effectively, allowing for a good bond during the glazing process. In contrast, completely dry clay is still technically unfired and lacks the durability and structural integrity that comes from the bisque firing. Plastic clay retains its malleability and can be shaped, while unfired pottery refers to items that have not yet been subjected to any firing, thus lacking the characteristics specific to bisque.