What defines the Mannerist period in terms of its historical context?

The Mannerist period, which emerged in the late Renaissance, is significantly characterized by the influence of scientific discoveries that altered worldviews, represented in both art and broader cultural context. This period followed the High Renaissance, during which artists pursued idealized forms inspired by classical antiquity. However, as new scientific insights began to emerge, such as those from Copernicus, Galileo, and others, they fundamentally changed perceptions of humanity's place in the universe, prompting artists to explore more individualistic and expressive forms in their works.

Rather than simply returning to traditional classical art or adhering stringently to realistic representations, Mannerism is known for its elongated forms, artificiality, and complexity, reflecting a departure from the balanced harmony of the earlier Renaissance. The style is less about collective identity and more about individual expression—often demonstrating emotional tension and ambiguity as artists grappled with the changing world around them.

In summary, the Mannerist period is thus defined by its engagement with and reflection of the era's scientific advancements, which expanded the intellectual landscape and encouraged a more subjective and daring approach to art.