What building material became prevalent in Byzantine architecture alongside stone?

In Byzantine architecture, brick and plaster became key materials used alongside stone for construction. This choice is significant because Byzantine architects sought to create structures that were not only durable but also visually striking. Using brick allowed for greater flexibility in design and construction techniques, as it could be molded into a variety of shapes, complementing the intricate decorative aspects of Byzantine structures.

Plaster was often used to enhance the surfaces of brickwork, allowing for the application of elaborate mosaic patterns and frescoes that are characteristic of Byzantine art. The combination of brick and plaster facilitated more complex architectural designs, including the transition from simple basilicas to grand domed buildings like the Hagia Sophia, which showcases the innovative use of these materials to achieve both strength and beauty.

Other materials like concrete, wood, and glass had different uses and implications in building practices. While concrete was utilized in some Roman engineering, its prevalence diminished during the Byzantine period in favor of other techniques. Wood was not a primary choice for major structures because of its vulnerability to fire and decay. Glass was primarily used in decorative elements such as windows rather than as a structural component. Thus, brick and plaster emerged as the most appropriate and significant materials reflecting the aesthetic and functional goals of Byzantine architecture.