In which era were Nok sculptures primarily created?

Nok sculptures were primarily created around 500 BCE, making this the correct choice. This period marked the emergence of the Nok culture in what is now Nigeria, notable for its distinctive terracotta sculptures. These artworks exhibit advanced artistic techniques, including intricate details and a variety of styles that reflect the social, spiritual, and cultural life of the Nok people. The era is significant in the history of African art, as it is one of the earliest known instances of representational sculpture in sub-Saharan Africa, showcasing a high level of craftsmanship and creativity that would influence later artistic traditions in the region.

The other options refer to different historical contexts: the Renaissance was centered in Europe many centuries later, particularly from the 14th to the 17th century; the 20th century brought forth modern art movements and was far removed from the time of the Nok culture; and the Baroque period, which spanned from the late 16th century to the 18th century, is characterized by dramatic expression and grandeur in art, but again, this is not contemporaneous with the Nok era. Understanding these historical contexts helps to clarify why 500 BCE is the appropriate timeframe for the creation of Nok sculptures.